J Match

Too and Enough

Too and enough indicate degree. They are used with adjectives.

• Too means more than what is needed.
• Enough means sufficient.

Examples

He is too old to play football with the kids.
Dave is intelligent enough to do the write thing.

Use of too and enough

1.Enough precedes adjectives and adverbs:

He isn't old enough to watch this program.
We're not walking quickly enough.

2.Enough may also precede nouns:

We have enough money . 
I have not got enough money to buy this computer.

3.Too comes before adjectives and adverbs:

It's too hot to wear that coat.
I was driving too fast.

4. Too may also come before nouns when it is used with the expressions too much and too many.

a. Too much is used before uncountable nouns.

There is too much salt in this food.

b. Too many is used before countable nouns

There are too many students in this classroom.

Use of some and any

Some and any are used to state the quantity, amount of something. When using some or any, the exact number is not stated. Some and any are quantifiers.
Some and any can be used when:

1. The exact number is not known.
2. The exact number is not important or relevant.
3. Some and any are used with countable and uncountable nouns.

Study the following tables:

Interrogative	Affirmative	Negative
Are there any tomatoes in the fridge?	Yes, there are some.	No, there aren't any.
Is there any orange juice?	Yes, there is some.	No, there isn't any.

Offering	Responding
Would you like some coffee?	Yes please I'd like some.

Making a request	Responding
Would you mind lending me some money?	Of course here you are.

The rules of some and many:

SOME:

Use some in positive (affirmative) sentences. Some is used for both countable and uncountable nouns.

Examples:

I have some friends.( friends is countable)
I'd like some water. (water is uncountable)

ANY:

Use any for countable and countable nouns in:

1. interrogative sentences.
   Examples: Have you got any cheese?
   Have you got any friends?
2. negative sentences.
   Example:He hasn't got any cheese
   He hasn't got any friends in Chicago.

EXCEPTION:

Use some in questions when offering or requesting something.
Example:

• Would you like some bread

  For and Since for Time

  We lived there for five years.
  He has been away since Tuesday.
  We often use for and since when talking about time.
  for + period: a "period" is a duration of time - five minutes, two weeks, six years. For means "from the beginning of the period to the end of the period".
  since + point: a "point" is a precise moment in time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday. Since means "from a point in the past until now".
  Look at these examples:

  for a period from start to end	since a point from then to now
  >===<	x===>|
  for 20 minutes for three days for 6 months for 4 years for 2 centuries for a long time for ever	since 9am since Monday since January since 1997 since 1500 since I left school since the beginning of time
  all tenses	perfect tenses

  for

  For can be used with all tenses. Here are a few examples:
  • They study for two hours every day.
  • They are studying for three hours today.
  • He has lived in Bangkok for a long time.
  • He has been living in Paris for three months.
  • I worked at that bank for five years.
  • Will the universe continue for ever?
  We do not use for with "all day", "all the time":
  • I was there all day. (not for all day)

  since

  Since is normally used with perfect tenses:
  • He has been here since 9am.
  • He has been working since he arrived.
  • I had lived in New York since my childhood.
  We also use since in the structure "It is [period] since":
  • It was a year since I had seen her.
  • How long is it since you got married?
  ? (offer)
• Can I have some water, please? (request)